Method of fabricating a semiconductor device

ABSTRACT

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device wherein leakage current of a pacitor is reduced is provided. The method comprises steps of forming a lower electrode the surface of a semiconductor substrate, forming a silicon nitride film over the lower electrode, applying a first heat treatment whereby the silicon nitride film is annealed in atmosphere containing oxygen, forming a dielectric film containing alkaline earth metals over the silicon nitride film, applying a second heat treatment whereby the dielectric film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen, and forming an upper electrode on the surface of the dielectric film.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to a method of fabricating a semiconductor device, and more particularly, to a method of forming a capacitor of the semiconductor device.

[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] With an advance being made in miniaturization of a semiconductor device, there has since arisen a need for further reducing a capacitor area and so forth. A tantalum oxide film (hereinafter referred to as a Ta₂O₅ film) having a high permittivity has recently attracted attention as a dielectric film of a capacitor. The dielectric film needs to be rendered thin for the capacitor to have a sufficient capacitance. However, if the dielectric film is formed too thin, this will cause occurrence of leakage current therefrom. Deficiency of oxygen within the Ta₂O₅ film, residual impurity carbon therein, reduction of the Ta₂O₅ film due to oxygen being drawn into an electrode material, and so forth are regarded as causes for occurrence of leakage current from the Ta₂O₅ film. The technique for performing oxygen annealing after formation of the Ta₂O₅ film as a method of making up for deficiency of oxygen therein has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open H 9-121035, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open H 4-199828. And a method of preventing oxygen from being drawn into an electrode material by forming the electrode material of a metal having a free energy greater than that for the Ta₂O₅ film has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication H 6-82782.

[0005] However, with the technique for performing the oxygen annealing after formation of the Ta₂O₅ film as disclosed in the technical literature described above, difficulty has been encountered in supplying oxygen as far as the vicinity of the interface between the Ta₂O₅ film and an underlayer thereof. Further, in the case of changing the electrode material, there have been cases wherein the Ta₂O₅ film were subjected to a damage caused by a fluorine-containing gas when forming an electrode over the Ta₂O₅ film.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] In order to solve the problems described above, a typical method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to the invention comprises steps of forming a lower electrode on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, forming a silicon nitride film over the lower electrode, applying a first heat treatment whereby the silicon nitride film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen, forming a dielectric film containing alkaline earth metals over the silicon nitride film, applying a second heat treatment whereby the dielectric film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen, and forming an upper electrode on the surface of the dielectric film.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007]FIG. 1 is a view showing steps of a first embodiment of a method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to the invention;

[0008]FIG. 2 is a view showing steps of a second embodiment of a method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to the invention;

[0009]FIG. 3 is a flow sheet showing steps of a third embodiment of a method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to the invention;

[0010]FIG. 4 is a flow sheet showing steps of a fourth embodiment of a method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to the invention; and

[0011]FIG. 5 is a view showing leakage current from a capacitor fabricated by one of the embodiments of the method of fabrication according to the invention.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0012] [First Embodiment]

[0013]FIG. 1 is a view showing steps of a first embodiment of a method of fabricating a capacitor region of a DRAM and the like according to the invention. The first embodiment of the invention will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 1.

[0014] By implanting ions into a p-type silicon substrate 11, a n-type diffused region 12 is formed therein. Subsequently, by use of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, an oxide film 13 serving as an interlayer dielectric is formed over the substrate to a thickness in the range of 100 to 1000 nm (FIG. 1-a).

[0015] By use of the photolithographic process and dry etching, a contact hole is formed in the oxide film 13 on top of the n-type diffused region 12. By use of the CVD method, polysilicon 14 doped with phosphorus atoms is embedded in the contact hole.

[0016] Then, a polysilicon layer highly doped at a dose on the order of 1˜10×10²⁰ of phosphorus atoms/cm³ is formed throughout the surface of the oxide film 13, and the polysilicon layer is patterned in a predetermined shape by the well known photolithographic etching techniques, forming a lower electrode 15 of a capacitor (FIG. 1-b).

[0017] In the case wherein the lower electrode 15 is formed of polysilicon, embedding of the contact hole and formation of a lower electrode layer can be carried out by the one and same step of processing.

[0018] By use of the CVD method, a silicon nitride film (Si₃N₄ film) 16 is formed over the lower electrode 15 of the capacitor to a thickness of 2 nm (FIG. 1-c).

[0019] In a stage where the silicon nitride film 16 has been formed, a first annealing is performed in an oxygen atmosphere. The annealing is preferably performed at a temperature in the range of 500 to 1000° C. by a rapid heating method. In carrying out this embodiment, the first annealing was performed in the temperature range of 800 to 900° C.

[0020] As a result of the first annealing in the oxygen atmosphere, silicon atoms still unbonded within the Si₃N₄ film will be bonded with oxygen atoms. Since the first annealing is performed prior to formation of a Ta₂O₅ film, it is possible to solve a problem that oxygen will not be supplied up to the vicinity of the interface between a Ta₂O₅ film and an underlayer thereof.

[0021] The Si₃N₄ film 16 is formed over the lower electrode 15 of the capacitor. Even if the first annealing is performed in the oxygen atmosphere, the Si₃N₄ film 16 prevent a SiO₂ film having a very low permittivity from being formed on the surface of the lower electrode 15 of the capacitor.

[0022] By use of the CVD method, a Ta₂O₅ film 17 is formed over the Si₃N₄ film 16 to a thickness of 13 nm. After formation of the Ta₂O₅ film 17, a second annealing is performed in an oxygen atmosphere. The second annealing is performed by a rapid heating method at a temperature lower than the temperature for the first annealing. In carrying out this embodiment, the second annealing was performed at a temperature in the order of 600 to 700° C., lower by 200° C. than for the first annealing (FIG. 1-d).

[0023] The second annealing is performed at a temperature lower than that for the first annealing. This prevents oxygen atoms from being drawn from the Ta₂O₅ film 17 into the Si₃N₄ film 16. The second annealing may be performed in an ordinary heating furnace, however, annealing by the rapid heating method is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing oxygen atoms from being drawn from the Ta₂O₅ film 17 into the Si₃N₄ film 16.

[0024] Subsequently, by use of the CVD method, a TiN film is formed to a thickness of 30 to 100 nm, and by the photolithographic etching techniques, an upper electrode 18 of the capacitor is formed, thereby completing the capacitor (FIG. 1-e).

[0025] By use of this embodiment of the method of fabricating a capacitor according to the invention, an excellent capacitor with less leakage current can be fabricated. FIG. 5 shows leakage current of the capacitor fabricated by this embodiment of the method of fabrication according to the invention as compared with that of a capacitor fabricated by the conventional method of fabrication.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 5, the capacitor fabricated by the method of fabrication according to the invention has leakage current less than that of the capacitor fabricated by the conventional method of fabrication.

[0027] With this embodiment of the invention, the Si₃N₄ film 16 formed over the lower electrode 15 prevents oxidation of the lower electrode 15. However, since the Si₃N₄ film 16 has a lower permittivity in comparison with the Ta₂O₅ film 17, it is desirable that the Si₃N₄ film 16 is formed to a sufficiently thin thickness in comparison with a thickness of the Ta₂O₅ film 17 in order to secure a large capacitance of the capacitor.

[0028] [Second Embodiment]

[0029]FIG. 2 is a view showing steps of a second embodiment of a method of fabricating a capacitor region of a DRAM and the like according to the invention. Parts corresponding to those previously described with reference to FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The second embodiment of the invention will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 2.

[0030] The method of fabrication according to the second embodiment is the same as that according to the first embodiment up to the steps of performing a second annealing after forming a Ta₂O₅ film 17 over a lower electrode 15 of a capacitor and a silicon nitride film 16 (FIG. 2-c).

[0031] Subsequently, by use of the CVD method, a TiN film is formed over the Ta₂O₅ film 17 to a thickness of 1 to 10 nm after the step of performing the second annealing, and thereafter, a third annealing is performed in an oxygen atmosphere. The third annealing is performed by the rapid heating method at a temperature lower than that for the first annealing described above.

[0032] As a result of the third annealing, an oxide film 21 of TiN for constituting an upper electrode is formed over the Ta₂O₅ film 17 (FIG. 2-d).

[0033] By use of the CVD method, a TiN film is formed over the oxide film 21 of TiN to a thickens of 10 to 20 nm so as to serve as an upper electrode 18 of the capacitor, thus completing fabrication of the capacitor (FIG. 2-e).

[0034] With this embodiment of the invention, the oxide film 21 of TiN for composing the upper electrode is interposed between the Ta₂O₅ film 17 and the TiN film serving as the upper electrode 18. Hence, it is possible to prevent oxygen from being drawn from within the Ta₂O₅ film 17 into the TiN film 18. Consequently, with this embodiment, leakage current can be further reduced than in the case of the first embodiment.

[0035] [Third Embodiment]

[0036]FIG. 3 is a flow sheet showing steps of a third embodiment of a method of fabricating a capacitor region of a DRAM and the like according to the invention. The third embodiment of the invention will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 3.

[0037] The method of fabrication according to the third embodiment is the same as that according to the first embodiment up to the steps of forming a Ta₂O₅ film over a lower electrode of a capacitor.

[0038] With this embodiment, a second annealing is performed at a temperature in the range of 400 to 600° C. in a reducing atmosphere (containing hydrogen H₂, ammonia NH₃, and so forth) after the Ta₂O₅ film is formed.

[0039] As a hydrogen atom has a atomic radius smaller than that of an oxygen atom, the hydrogen atom is susceptible to diffusion within the Ta₂O₅ film. The hydrogen atoms diffused in the Ta₂O₅ film are bonded with residual carbon contained in the Ta₂O₅ film. The residual carbon combined with the hydrogen atoms makes up a volatile matter such as CH₄ etc. and undergoes volatilization. As a result of the second annealing described, the residual carbon in the Ta₂O₅ film can be effectively removed.

[0040] Subsequently, a third annealing is performed in an oxygen atmosphere. The third annealing is performed by the rapid heating method at a temperature lower by 200° C. than that for a first annealing previously performed.

[0041] Thereafter, by use of the CVD method, an upper electrode of the capacitor is formed so as to serve as the upper electrode of the capacitor, thus completing fabrication of the capacitor.

[0042] With this embodiment of the invention, the second annealing is applied to the Ta₂O₅ film in the reducing atmosphere (containing hydrogen H₂, ammonia NH₃, and so forth), thereby reducing the residual carbon. Hence, it is possible to further reduce leakage current than in the case of the first embodiment of the invention.

[0043] [Fourth Embodiment]

[0044]FIG. 4 is a flow sheet showing steps of a fourth embodiment of a method of fabricating a capacitor region of a DRAM and the like according to the invention. The fourth embodiment of the invention will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 4.

[0045] The method of fabrication according to the fourth embodiment is the same as that according to the first embodiment up to the steps of forming a Ta₂O₅ film over a lower electrode of a capacitor.

[0046] With this embodiment of the invention, during a period subsequent to formation of the Ta₂O₅ film, oxygen atoms are implanted into the Ta₂O₅ film by means of ion implantation at implantation energies ranging from 10 KeV to 1 MeV. After the oxygen atoms are implanted therein, an annealing treatment is applied at a temperature in the range of 500 to 1000° C. in order to cause the oxygen atoms to be diffused.

[0047] Thereafter, by use of the CVD method or the equivalent, an upper electrode of the capacitor is formed so as to serve as the upper electrode of the capacitor, thus completing fabrication of the capacitor.

[0048] With this embodiment of the invention, oxygen atoms are supplied to the Ta₂O₅ film by the ion implantation method instead of by the annealing in an oxygen atmosphere. Hence, the oxygen atoms can be supplied thereto more effectively and with better control than in the case of the annealing in an oxygen atmosphere.

[0049] [Fifth Embodiment]

[0050] Next, a fifth embodiment of a method of fabricating a capacitor according to the invention will be described. With the fifth embodiment of the invention, steps of a method of fabricating the capacitor are the same as those described with reference to the first embodiment.

[0051] In this embodiment, a lower electrode 15 formed at first is not made of polysilicon, but made of TiN, the same kind of material that an upper electrode to be formed later is made of.

[0052] That is, after the polysilicon 14 is embedded as shown in FIG. 1, the lower electrode 15 is formed by use of the CVD method or the equivalent.

[0053] A difference in work function between the lower electrode and an upper electrode of a capacitor due to a difference in material used is one of causes for occurrence of leakage current.

[0054] Accordingly, with this embodiment of the invention, both the lower electrode and the upper electrode are made of the same material, thereby enabling further reduction in the leakage current to be achieved.

[0055] Further, with reference to various embodiments described in the foregoing, use of the Ta₂O₅ film as a dielectric film has been described, however, similar effects can be obtained by use of a dielectric film other than the Ta₂O₅ film, containing alkaline earth metals such as (Ba,Sr)TiO₃, Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃, and so forth. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising steps of: forming a lower electrode on the surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming a silicon nitride film over the lower electrode; applying a first heat treatment whereby the silicon nitride film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen; forming a dielectric film over the silicon nitride film; applying a second heat treatment whereby the dielectric film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen; and forming an upper electrode on the surface of the dielectric film.
 2. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second heat treatment is applied at a temperature lower than that for the first heat treatment.
 3. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising steps of: forming a lower electrode on the surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming a silicon nitride film over the lower electrode; applying a first heat treatment whereby the silicon nitride film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen; forming a dielectric film containing alkaline earth metals over the silicon nitride film; applying a second heat treatment whereby the dielectric film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen; forming an oxide film over the dielectric film; and forming an upper electrode on the surface of the oxide film.
 4. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the second heat treatment is applied at a temperature lower than that for the first heat treatment.
 5. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the oxide film formed over the dielectric film is the same kind of oxide film that is used for material of the upper electrode.
 6. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising steps of: forming a lower electrode on the surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming a silicon nitride film over the lower electrode; applying a first heat treatment whereby the silicon nitride film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen; forming a dielectric film containing alkaline earth metals over the silicon nitride film; applying a second heat treatment whereby the dielectric film is annealed in a reducing atmosphere; applying a third heat treatment whereby the dielectric film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen; and forming an upper electrode on the surface of the dielectric film.
 7. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising steps of: forming a lower electrode on the surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming a silicon nitride film over the lower electrode; applying a heat treatment whereby the silicon nitride film is annealed in an atmosphere containing oxygen; forming a dielectric film containing alkaline earth metals over the silicon nitride film; implanting oxygen ions into the dielectric film; and forming an upper electrode on the surface of the dielectric film. 